The study suggests that wind-driven ocean transports have a significant role in regulating the shape and spatial extent of the CT. The zonal and meridional Ekman transports exhibit relatively weak westward and northward transports to the CT region during this period. The north-south Sverdrup transport demonstrates strong southward transport during the northeast monsoon period aiding the SST cooling by bringing relatively cold water from the north. The role and relative importance of wind-driven ocean transports, air–sea heat fluxes and oceanic processes are explored. Using observational and re-analysis datasets a comprehensive investigation of the dynamical and thermodynamical processes associated with the evolution of SCS CT is performed in this study. The band of low sea surface temperature (SST) region located south/southeast of Vietnam is called as the winter cold tongue (CT) in the SCS. Spatial distribution of the South China Sea (SCS) surface temperature shows strong cold anomalies over the Sunda Shelf during the boreal winter season.
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